Cross-training (Also known as conditioning) refers to training in different ways to improve overall performance. It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of each training method, while at the same time attempting to neglect the shortcomings of that method by combining it with other methods that address its weaknesses.
Cross-training in sports and fitness refers to the combining of exercises to work various parts of the body. Often one particular activity works certain muscle groups, but not others, Cross-training aims to eliminate this. Running, for example, is excellent for endurance, and prolonged use of the large muscle groups in the legs. A runner may lift weights in order to build muscle and increase upper body strength, things that running cannot provide.
CrossFit is a strength and conditioning fitness methodology. Its stated goal is to create "the quintessential athlete, equal parts gymnast, Olympic weightlifter and sprinter." Crossfit promotes broad and general overall physical fitness. It is not sport-specific. CrossFit features varied workouts based on functional movement performed at high intensity. Workouts are brief (often 20 minutes or less) and do not use weight machines.
CrossFit maintains that proficiency is required in each of 10 fitness domains: cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, stamina, strength, flexibility, power, speed, agility, balance, coordination, and accuracy. CrossFit uses free weights, kettlebells, gymnastics rings, pull-up bars and many calisthenics exercises. CrossFit may call on athletes to skip, run, row, climb ropes, jump up on boxes, flip giant tires, and carry odd objects. They can also squat and throw medicine balls against walls.
CrossFit workouts typically call for athletes to work hard and fast, often with no rest. Many CrossFit gyms use scoring and ranking systems, transforming workouts into sport. Many CrossFit athletes and trainers see themselves as part of a contrarian insurgent movement that questions conventional fitness wisdom.
The CrossFit program has been adapted for various client groups. Adaptations include: CrossFit for Kids, CrossFit for Seniors, CrossFit for Endurance Athletes, CrossFit for Soldiers in Austere Environments, CrossFit for Combat Athletes, CrossFit in the Park, and CrossFit Commandos. Most CrossFit gyms also offer "Boot Camp" or "Elements of CrossFit" introductory classes for beginners.
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